Dhulka Soomaalidu degto, gaar ahaan magaalooyinka xeebaha, waxaa ku duugan taariikho dihan oo badankeeda aysan Soomaalidu ku baraarugsaneyn.
Magaalada Seylac ee ka dhacda galbeedka gobolka Awdal, waxa ay qeyb ka tahay magaalooyinka hodanka ku ah taariikhda iyo ilbaxnimada guud ahaan dhulka ka hooseeya lama daggaanka Afrika.
Inkastoo aanan la hubin xilliga rasmiga ah ee la yagleellay magaaladaas, haddana waxaa loo badinayaa in magaaladan jirtay in ka badan laba kun oo sano, sida laga dheehan karo qoraallada iyo raadadka dadkii tagay magaaladaas.
Magacyo kala duwan oo mid kasta dad gaar ah ay u garanayeen ayaa ay lahayd Seylac. Qoraagii Roomaanka ahaa ee Pliny the Elder oo geeriyooday sannadkii 79aad ee kaddib dhalashadii nebi Ciise (cs) ayaa buuggiisa The Natural History kusoo weriyay magaca Avalites ama Aualites. Walow uusan faahfaahin ka bixin magaalada. Laba jeer oo uu magaca Avalites adeegsaday Pliny, mar kamid ah waxa ay ahayd markii uu ka hadlayay magaalada Muzza, wuxuuna yiri “Magaalada Muzza wax kasta oo ay u baahan tahay waxa ay ka heshaa Avalites iyo xeebaha fog”
Markale qoraaga aan la aqoon ee buugga Periplus of the Erythraean Sea oo magaaladan tegay mar ku beegneyd bartamihii qarnigii koobaad ee Miilaaddiga ayaa ku sheegay magaca magaaladan Avalites. Qoraaga waxaa uu bixiyay sharraxaad balaaran oo ku saabsan magaalada iyo muuqaalkeeda, dadka deegaanka waxa ay dhoofiyaan iyo waxa ay soo dhoofsadaan.
Qarnigii labaad ee Miilaaddiga, magaaladan waxaa yimid dhulmareenkii Roomaanka ahaa ee Claudius Ptolemy, kaas oo buuggiisa Geographia ku sheegay magaca magaalada Seylac Avalites ama Aualites, si gaar ah gacanka Berbera Ptolemy waxaa uu ku magacaabay ‘’Gacanka Aualites), isaga oo si qota dheer uga sheekeyay deegaankaas iyo waxa ku xeeran.
Haddaba ereyga Avalites ama Aualites halkee buu ka yimid?
Sida uu ku doodayo Caalimkii Aasaarta ee reer Masar, Cabdilmuncim cabdilxaliim Magaalooyinkii Faraacinadii hore ay la macaamili jireen ee ku yaallay dhulkii Punt waxaa qeyb ka ahaa magaalo xeebeedka yar ee Osliid.
Ereyga Osliid waxaa uu aaminsan yahay Cabdilmuncim in uu isbaddal ku yimid oo uu dhawaaq cusub yeeshay, muddo kaddibna isu rogay ereyga Avalites ama Aualites.
Waa dood maangal ah marka loo eego sida labada erey ay iskugu dhawaaq egyihiin oo ay u fududdahay in la isku khaldo.
Haddaba magaca Avalites ama Aualites ma magac dhalad Soomaali ahaa? Mise waa magac qallaad oo ummadihii hore ay magaalada Seylac ula baxeen?
Cumar Cabdi Iidaan oo ah baare iyo ku fooggane arrimaha aasaarta iyo taariikhda Soomaalida waxaa uu ku doodayaa in magaca Aualite uu ahaa magac Soomaali ay dhalan rogeen dadyowgii wax ka qoray oo Latin u badnaa. Magaca Aualites (Awaalid) waxa uu aad ugu dhow yahay magaca Awdal, iyo magaca kale ee ay Soomaalida qaar la baxaan ee Awal, taas oo Cumar uu aaminsan yahay in ay sabab u ahayd in baarayaashu ku doodaan in magaca Avalites uu asalkiisu ahaa magac Soomaali dhalan rogmay.
Weli magaca Avalites waxaa laga dhadhansan karaa magaca jasiiradda Efat oo carabtuna ugu dhawaaqaan Ceebaad.
Magacyada kale ee magaalada Seylac loo yaqaannay wakhti hore waxaa kamid ah magaca Havilah, magacan waxaa uu dhowr jeer oo kala duwan kusoo arooray kitaabka Injiilka (Bibble) ee lagu soo dejiyay Nebi Ciise (Cs).
Aan soo qaadanno aayad kamid ah aayadaha magaca Havilah kusoo aroorray, waa aayadda 11aad, juska saddexaad ee suuradda Genesis ee Bible ka. Aayadaha ka horreya waxa ay ka sheekeynayaan galadda illaahay ee uu Benii Aaddamku ku maneystay, waxaana ay leeyihiin;
“Rabbiga Ilaah wuxuu dhulka ka soo bixiyey geed kasta oo indhaha u roon, oo cunto ku wanaagsan; beerta dhexdeedana wuxuu ka soo bixiyey geedkii nolosha iyo geedkii aqoonta wanaagga iyo xumaanta. Ceedenna webi baa ka baxay inuu beerta waraabiyo; halkaasuuna ku kala qaybsamay, wuxuuna noqday afar madax.
*Kan kowaad magiciisu wuxuu ahaa Fiishoon: kaasu waa kan ku wareegsan dhulka Hawiilaah (Havilah) oo dhan, meeshaas oo dahab leh;
*oo dahabka dhulkaasu waa wanaagsan yahay: oo meeshaasuna waxay leedahay beduliyum iyo dhagaxyo onika la yidhaahdo.
* Webiga labaad magiciisuna waa Giixoon: kaasuna waa kan ku wareegsan dhulka Kuush oo dhan”
Qoraalka aayadaha waxa aan sidooda uga soo dheegannay Bible ka nusqadiisa af Soomaaliga ah ee la qoray 1979kii, dibna loo cusbooneysiiyay 2008 dii.
Haddaba aan dulucda usoo daaddagnee, aayadda waxa ay ka sheekeyneysaa webiyo kasoo burqaday Jannatu Cadni oo inta afar madax yeeshay waraabbinayaa dhulalka kuush, Havilah iyo Ashur.
Nusqada Baybalka ee King James waxaa ku qoran booska Kuush (Ethiopia) ereyga Ethiopia micno ahaan Gariiggii iyo Roomaankii hore waxa uu booskaan ugu jiraa micnaha dadkii wejiga madoobaa (dadka madow) si dhab ah loogalama jeedo Itoobbiyada hadda qaranka ah.
Inkasta oo qofba meesha uu doono ula kacay halka ay ahayd Jannatu Cadan iyo si guudba dhulka Havilah; Haddana Gert Muller oo qoray Eden: The Biblical Garden Discovered In East Africa, waxaa uu ku doodayaa in Jannatu Caddan ay ku taallay dhulka geeska Afrika, ayna ka horreysay caalamkii Duufaantu ragaadisay, ayna qeyb ka ahayd waxyaabihii ku burburay duufaantii weyneyd ee dunida ku dhufatay, taas oo caalamka weji kale u yeeshay.
Maxaa caddeynaya in Havilah ay tahay Seylac?
Aqoonyahanno iyo dhulmareenno kala duwan ayaa magaca Havilah ku sheegay Seylac. Waxaana ugu weyn Saadia Ben Yusuf Gaon oo ahaa aqoonyahan Yahuudi ah, islamarkaana buugga Bible ka af Cibraaniga ku qoran u rogay af Carabi qarnigii tobanaad.
Saadia Gaon markii uu fasirayay aayadda 11aad ee juska 2 aad ee Genesis waxaa uu magaca Havilah ku baddalay magaca Seylac, waxaana uu ka dhigay tarjumadda “Kan koobaad magiciisu waxaa uu ahaa Pishon: waa kan ku wareegsan dhulka Seylac oo idil, meeshaas oo dahab leh. Webiga labaad magiciisu waa Giixoon: kaasuna waa kan ku wareegsan ardu Xabasha oo dhan”
December sannadkii 2015, waxaa si rasmi ah loosoo gabagabeeyay ololle saddex sano socday oo dib loogu daabacayay makhduuddaadkii iyo waraaqihii gogo’ay ee laga helay nuskhadii carabiga ahayd ee uu qoray Saadia Ben Yusuf Gaon oo markaas jirtay kun iyo boqol sano.
Dib u qoriddaas waxa ay la timid isbaddal badan oo lagu sameeyay fahamkii iyo nuxurkii kitaabka, magacyo kujiray nuskhadii hore ee Saadia Gaon ayaa loo baddalay magacyo kale si loo waafijiyo waaqaca.
Tusaale, isla aayadihii aan ka sheekeyneynay ee Sifru Takwiin ama Genesis, tarjumaddaan cusub waxa ay ka dhigtay. “
Genesis 2:09 Ilaahay waxaa uu dhulka ka soo bixiyey geed kasta oo la dheefsado oo dhaayahana u roon; waxaa uu sidoo kale bartanka jannada ka yagleellay geedka nolosha iyo geedka garashada (shar iyo kheyr)”
Genesis 2:10 “iyo webi Cadan ka yimid, kaddibna afar madax u qeybsamay”
Genesis 2:11 “Kan koobaad waa Niil, kaas oo ku wareegsan dhulka dahabku ceegaago ee Zawillah”
Genesis 2:12” “Webiga labaad waa Jiixoon, waxaana uu ku wareegaa dhulka Xabashida”
Nuskhadii qaddiimka ahayd waxaa uu ku sheegay Saadia Gaon afarta webi kan hore magaca Pishon, sida Bible ka intiisa badan ku taalla, halka nuskhadan cusub lagu baddalay Pishon magaca webiga Niil ee aan maanta wada naqaan. Nuskhadii hore ee aanan xooggeeda la helin waxaa ku qornaa Seylac, waxaa lagu baddalay Zawillah. halka nuskhadii hore ee ay kaga qorneyd Kuush, waxaa lagu baddalay ardu Xabasha.
Isbaddalka cusub ee lagu sameyay nuskhadihii hore waxaa uu meesha ka saaray magacigii Seylac, oo u dhalan rogmay Zawillah.
Warqadda cinwaankeedu yahay “Desperately Seeking the Jewish Kingdom of Ethiopia: Benjamin of Tudela and the Horn of Africa (Twelfth Century) ee uu qoray François-Xavier Fauvelle-Aymar islamarkaana uu ku falanqeynayo jiritaanka boqortooyadii Sahyuuniga ahayd ee dhulka Xabashida uu Benjamin Tudela ka sheegay qarnigii 12naad; waxaa uu ku doodayaa in Zawillah laftigeeda ay tahay isla Havilah oo hadda ah Seylac.
Ma helin inta aan baaridda ku jiray cid kale oo aan François-Xavier ahayn oo Zawillah ku fasirtay in ay tahay magac kale oo Havilah lahayd, weli se baaritaannadu fara kama qodna.
Waxyaabaha xoojinaya Havilah in ay Seylac ahayd waxaa qeyb ka ah safarkii dhulmareenkii Yahuudiga ahaa ee Benjimin Tudela uu ku maray aaggaas qarnigii laba iyo tobanaad.
Halka ay maanta ku taallo Seylac ayuu Benjamin Tudela ku sheegay Havilah, waxaa se uu sidoo kale soo weriyay in ay jirtay boqortooyo xabashida hoos tagta oo ay qoys Yahuudi ah maamulayeen oo ka talineysay wakhtiyadaas dhulka Havilah (Seylac iyo aaggeeda).
Sheegashada Tudela ee in ay aaggaas nidaamka xabashidu wakhtiyadaas ka talinayeen waxaa dadabyo sii saaray buugga The Living Torah, oo leh “Avalites/ Havilah (Seylac) waxa ay hoos tageysay nidaamkii boqortooyadii Axum ee dhulka Xabashida’’
Richard Burton isna wuxuu buuggiisii sahanka geeska Afrika ku yiri “Magaalada Avalites ee ay ka warrameen The Periplus of Earythrean sea iyo Plinny the Elder waxa ay hoos tageysay boqortooyadii Axum ee xabashida”
Dhanka ka kale waxaa jira aqoonyahanno kale oo ku dooday in Havilah ay dhacdo meelo kala duwan oo kamid ah Afrika iyo jasiiradda Carabta. Tusaale W. W. Müller, Qaamuuskiisa Anchor Bible Dictionary, waxaa uu ku sheegay Havilah da kusoo aroortay Genesis 2:11 ay u badan tahay in ay dhacdo Koonfur galbeed jasiiradda Carabta iyo aagga badda cas. Halka Havilah da kusoo aroortay Genesis 25:18 ay u badan tahay in ay dhacdo Wuqooyiga jasiiradda Carabta.
Charles Forster isna waxaa uu ku dooday in ay suurtagal tahay in jasiiradda Awal (Aval) ee dalka Baxreyn ay tahay meesha dhabta ah ee ay dhacdo magaalada baybalka kusoo aroortay ee Havilah.
Foster dooddiisa waxaa uu ku xoojinayaa in Awal uu ahaa magaca asalka ah ee Havilah ama Avalites, balse uu hadda dhalan rogmay oo Awal (Aval) noqday. Foster waxaa ka hoos baxday haddiiba uu cabbir ka dhigayo dhiraandhirinta magaca Awal, in Soomaalidu ba leedahay magacyada Awal, Awdal iyo Adal, kuwaas oo dhammaan ay suurtagal tahay in ay ahaayeen xididka iyo halka ay kasoo dhambalmeen magaca Havilah iyo Avalites oo loo yaqaannay magaalada Seylac.
Maaddaama dhowr jeer oo kala duwan magaca Havilah uu bible ka kusoo arooray, saan soo sheegnay aqoonyahanno qaar ayaa ku doodaya in dhowr Havilah ay jirtay, oo juqraafi ahaan kala fog; ha yeeshee Havilah da kusoo aroortay Sifru Takwiin (Genesis 2:11) ay tahay magaalada Soomaaliyeed ee Seylac.
Marka aan isku soo wada duubno doodda, magaalada Havilah waa magacii hore ee magaalada Seylac, ha yeeshee ilduuf iyo gaabis ogaal la’aantu sababtay awgeed, taariikhdeeda la marin habaabiyay oo maalinba meel lala aaday.
Qoraalkan ma ahan baarid cilmi ah, se waa baraarujin iyo iftiimin, ha yeeshee Mowdduucan waxaa uu u baahan yahay cilmi baaris qota dheer, si looga daba tago taariikhaha ummaddan dayacan ee sida dhibta yar loo dhalan rogayo.
Dhammaad
Tix-raacyo
https://www.dopdfwn.com/cacnretra/scgdfnya/kutubpdfcafe-p2LTM.pdf
https://www.copticchurch.net/bible?r=Genesis+2&version=SVD&showVN=1 (Bible Saadia Gaon)
https://books.google.so/books?id=WedEAQAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=The+natural+history+of+Pliny&hl=en&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=The%20natural%20history%20of%20Pliny&f=false
https://etd.ohiolink.edu/apexprod/rws_etd/send_file/send?accession=osu1338315987&disposition=inline
https://etd.ohiolink.edu/apexprod/rws_etd/send_file/send?accession=osu1338315987&disposition=inline
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b5/The_natural_history_of_Pliny_1855.pdf
https://www.academia.edu/4319848/Desperately_seeking_the_Jewish_Kingdom_of_Ethiopia_Benjamin_of_Tudela_and_the_Horn_of_Africa_twelfth_century_
https://www.biblejew.com/about/
https://books.google.so/books?id=mHnCAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA44&dq=Avalitae&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiok_uwrYX5AhWUP-wKHYESC_0Q6AF6BAgEEAI#v=onepage&q=Avalitae&f=false
https://books.google.so/books?id=bHZ6EAAAQBAJ&pg=PT414&dq=Avalitae&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiok_uwrYX5AhWUP-wKHYESC_0Q6AF6BAgHEAI#v=snippet&q=Avalitae&f=false
The living Torah
https://books.google.so/books?id=GhAxCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA46&dq=Avalitae&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwirwr-mrYX5AhVP_qQKHaGuB9gQ6AF6BAgKEAI#v=onepage&q=Avalitae&f=false
https://burtoniana.org/books/1856-First%20Footsteps%20in%20East%20Africa/1856-FirstFootstepsVer2.htm
https://www.academia.edu/34581501/Three_Fragments_of_Sa%CA%BFadya_Gaon_s_Arabic_Translation_of_Isaiah_Copied_by_the_Court_Scribe_Joseph_ben_Samuel_c_1181_1209_
The Itinerary Of Benjamin Of Tudela: Critical Text, Translation And Commentary
https://brill.com/view/book/edcoll/9783657786367/BP000015.xml
https://www.dopdfwn.com/cacnretra/scgdfnya/kutubpdfcafe-p2LTM.pdf
https://www.academia.edu/3770935/_The_Torah_of_Israel_in_the_Tongue_of_Ishmael_Saadia_Gaon_and_his_Arabic_Translation_of_the_Pentateuch_
https://depts.washington.edu/silkroad/texts/tudela.html
https://www.jstor.org/stable/179644
https://heroesofadventure.com/listing/zeila-somalia/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Havilah
https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0125.htm#18
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W_eXH1BCfv8
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lvIprL1lqRQ&t=136s
https://ebible.org/pdf/som/som_GEN.pdf
https://www.wordproject.org/bibles/so/01/1.htm
https://books.google.so/books?id=3hBUAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA591&lpg=PA591&dq=Avalitae+trib&source=bl&ots=dnQaz8auFr&sig=ACfU3U3EuAOystKqIRsmQu67LL1HMPuecg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwji8vCgrIX5AhV8hP0HHR2YDZ4Q6AF6BAgSEAM#v=onepage&q=Avalitae%20trib&f=false
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